Robustness and capabilities of ultrashort laser pulses characterization with amplitude swing

[EN]In this work we firstly study the influence of different parameters in the temporal characterization of ultrashort laser pulses with the recently developedamplitude swing technique. In this technique, the relative amplitude of two delayed replicas is varied while measuring their second-harmonic spectra. Herewe study the retrieval of noisy traces and the implications of having different delays or phase retardations (relative phases)between the two replicas. Then, we study the capability of the technique to characterize the pulses when the second-harmonic signal is spectrally uncalibrated or incomplete, presenting the analytical calculation of the marginal, which is used to calibrate the traces and to perform the pulse retrievals. We experimentally show the retrieval of different pulses using diverse delays and phase retardationsto perform the amplitude swing trace and demonstrate that, from an uncalibrated trace, both the pulse informationandthe response of the nonlinear process can be simultaneously retrieved.In sum, the amplitude swing technique is shown to be very robust against experimental constraints and limitations, showing a high degree of soundness.Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (FIS2017-87970-R, EQC2018-004117-P), Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León (SA287P18) and FEDER Funds, Fundación General de la Universidad de Salamanca (PC_TCUE18-20_020)

Prácticas en laboratorio virtual de electricidad y magnetismo

Memoria ID-0268. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Implementación en Studium Plus de un curso con materiales y herramientas para la asignatura de Física

Memoria ID-0230. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Factores de riesgo relacionados a hipertensión arterial en la población mayor de 30 años residentes en el municipio de Toledo Antioquia, segundo semestre de 2017

Todos los interrogantes relacionados con la hipertensión arterial en el primer nivel de atención y en relación con la atención primaria que han venido evolucionando durante todos estos años; en búsqueda de la atención integral en salud, basándose en estrategias de atención primaria, la austeridad en la utilización de los recursos y la calidad en la atención en saludDeclaración: EL AUTOR-ESTUDIANTE, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto, la obra es de su exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARÁGRAFO: en caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL ESTUDIANTE-AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina actúa como un tercero de buena fe

Compact in-line temporal measurement of laser pulses with amplitude swing

[EN]A method of ultrashort laser pulse reconstruction is presented, consisting on the analysis of the nonlinear signal obtained from the interference of the pulse with a replica of itself at a given time delay while varying the relative amplitude between the pulses. The resulting spectral traces are analyzed both analytically and numerically, showing the encoding of the input pulse spectral phase. A reconstruction algorithm is discussed and applied to extract the spectral phase and, jointly to the measured spectral amplitude, reconstructing the pulse. In order to validate the technique, an experimental in-line implementation of the characterization concept is compared to the results from a stablished technique, obtaining a good agreement at different input pulse cases. In sum, a new technique is presented, showing the capability to reconstruct a broad range of temporal pulse durations while its implementation is robust and straightforward, able to be easily adapted to diverse pulse duration and central wavelength ranges.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (EQC2018-004117-P, FIS2017-87970-R); Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León (SA287P18) and FEDER Funds; European Regional Development Fund; Fundación General de la Universidad de Salamanca (PC_TCUE18-20_020)

Transcriptional profile and serological studies of the European sea bass immune response against betanodavirus infections

European sea bass is highly affected by outbreaks of viral nervous necrosis disease, provoked by the nervous necrosis virus (NNV). This virus displays a positive-sense RNA genome composed of two segments, RNA1, encoding the viral polymerase; and RNA2, encoding the capsid protein. Two genotypes of NNV have been detected in sea bass, although showing different virulence: RGNNV is highly virulent, whereas SJNNV replicates in sea bass brain without causing clinical signs. In the present work, the comparative analysis of the European sea bass immune response against both genotypes has been performed. The immune response has been evaluated in brain and head kidney of infected sea bass by relative real-time PCR of genes involved in the type I interferon system, and genes related to inflammatory and adaptive responses. In addition, a serological study, consisting of the ELISA quantification of IgM in sera, was also performed. The transcription analyses point out the importance of IFN system to control betanodavirus infections. The results obtained showed a strong induction of ifn-I, mxA, isg15 and isg12 in both organs analysed, especially in response to RGNNV. However, the response was quicker in head kidney of SJNNV inoculated sea bass, suggesting that this genotype induces a more rapid systemic response. Regarding the inflammatory response, RGNNV triggered a strong transcription of proinflammatory genes in brain, which provides evidences about the importance of the inflammatory process in NNV infection. Thus, the massive inflammatory process may be responsible for the eventual damage in nervous tissues, which would lead to fish dead. Finally, the high values of tr-g and mhc-b mRNA recorded in brain and the high IgM titer in sera, which was higher in SJNNV-inoculated fish, suggest that the adaptive response constitutes another important factor in the sea bass immune response against betanodaviruses, both at systemic and at local level.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This study has been supported by the project AGL2017-84644-R (MINECO/ AEI/FEDER, UE). P. Moreno was supported by a fellowship from Ministerio de Educacio n, Cultura y Deporte (FPU12/00265, Spanish Government)

Spatiotemporal evolution of light during propagation in filamentation regime

The full description of the evolution of light during its nonlinear propagation represents a valuable help to the complete understanding of important nonlinear phenomena such as light filamentation. In this paper we present a comparison between theoretical and experimental results of the spatiotemporal structure of a light filament at different propagation distances. In order to obtain the experimental spatiotemporal structure, we have used a technique based on spatially resolved spectral interferometry called STARFISH, for spatiotemporal amplitude-and-phase reconstruction by Fourier transform of interference spectra of high-complex beams. We have been able to observe important nonlinear pulse dynamics during the nonlinear propagation, including pulse splitting and the subsequent competition among the pulses that result from the splitting, obtaining a full insight into the general nonlinear behaviorWe acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through the Consolider Program Science and Applications of Ultrafast and Ultra-intense Lasers (SAUUL) (CSD2007-00013) and Research Project FIS2009-09522; from Junta de Castilla y León through the Program for Groups of Excellence (GR27) and Research Project SA002B08; and from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (LASERLAB-EUROPE) grant agreement 228334). We also acknowledge support from the Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Salamanca, Spain. B. Alonso and I. J. Sola acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through the “Formación de Profesorado Universitario” and “Ramón y Cajal” grant programs, respectively